acylace

Acylace je chemická reakce, při níž se nahrazují reaktivní vodíkové atomy (např. ve skupinách OH, SH nebo NH2) skupinou acylovou RCO–.

Jejím účelem je chránit tyto skupiny proti napadení jinými činidly. Nejčastější acylací je acetylace, tj. zavádění acetylu CH3CO–, a benzoylace, tj. zavádění benzoylu, C6H5CO–.

Acylaci je možno uskutečnit Friedel-Craftsovou acylací i na arenech.

acylation

In chemistry, acylation is the process of adding an acyl group to a compound. The compound providing the acyl group is called the acylating agent.

Because they form a strong electrophile when treated with some metal catalysts, acyl halides are commonly used as acylating agents. For example, Friedel-Crafts acylation uses acetyl chloride (ethanoyl chloride), CH3COCl, as the agent and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) as a catalyst to add an ethanoyl (acetyl) group to benzene:

The mechanism of this reaction is electrophilic substitution.

Protein acylation is the post-translational modification of proteins via the attachment of functional groups through acyl linkages. One prominent type is fatty acylation, the addition of fatty acids to particular amino acids (e.g. myristoylation or palmitoylation). Protein acylation has been observed as a mechanism of biological signaling.